In which scenario can a pilot use a special flight permit to exceed the maximum certificated takeoff weight?

A special flight permit, also known as a ferry permit, allows a pilot to operate an aircraft that may not meet all the airworthiness requirements for standard operations but is still safe to fly under specific conditions. One of the primary scenarios in which a pilot can use this permit is for demonstration flights of new production aircraft.

When it comes to demonstration flights, particularly for manufacturers showing their aircraft to potential buyers or evaluators, the maximum certificated takeoff weight can be exceeded. This exemption is essential because manufacturers often need to showcase the aircraft's performance, and exceeding weight limits may be necessary for testing and demonstration purposes.

The other scenarios mentioned, such as routine flight training, private weather avoidance, and maintenance checks, do not typically qualify for such permits. Routine training is expected to operate within regulatory limits, and while maintenance checks can involve some flexibility, they generally do not allow for exceeding the maximum certificated weight in the same way demonstration flights do.