What does the term "overloading" refer to in aviation?

The term "overloading" in aviation specifically refers to exceeding the maximum weight limits of an aircraft. Each aircraft has a defined maximum gross weight that includes the weight of the aircraft itself, passengers, cargo, and fuel. When the total weight exceeds this limit, it can lead to serious safety issues such as reduced performance, difficulty in controlling the aircraft, and longer takeoff and landing distances.

Properly adhering to weight restrictions is crucial for safe operation, as it affects the aircraft's structural integrity and its ability to safely maneuver in the air. While other issues like exceeding speed limits, carrying excessive fuel, or improper weight distribution can also create problems, they are not classified under the term "overloading." Overloading strictly pertains to exceeding the total allowable weight.